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French-Guiana, located on the northern coast of South America, is a fascinating blend of French and South American influences, making it one of the most unique destinations in the region. Its history is marked by its early indigenous peoples, colonization by the French in the 17th century, and its infamous use as a penal colony from the mid-19th century. The French established a series of prisons here, with Devils Island being the most notorious. Today, French Guiana is a French overseas department, retaining close ties to mainland France while preserving its rich Creole and indigenous heritage.
Cayenne, the capital city, is a vibrant mix of French colonial architecture, bustling markets, and tropical charm. The Place des Palmistes, a historic square lined with palm trees and colonial buildings, is a must-see. The Musee Alexandre-Franconie offers insights into the regions history and culture. Another city to explore is Kourou, known for its European Space Agencys Guiana Space Centre. Here, you can visit the Centre Spatial Guyanais, where satellite launches take place. Saint-Laurent-Du-Maroni , on the western border, offers a glimpse into the dark history of French Guianas penal colony system, with its old prison structures open for tours.
Beyond the cities, French Guiana is dotted with quaint and unusual towns and villages that offer a deeper connection to local culture. Awala-Yalimapo is a peaceful Amerindian village known for its beautiful beach, where sea turtles come to nest. Cacao, a Hmong farming village founded by refugees from Laos, is an unexpected gem in the middle of the rainforest. On Sundays, the village comes alive with a bustling market where you can taste delicious Southeast Asian-inspired dishes. Sinnamary, a small town near Kourou, is known for its artisanal craft shops and nature trails along the Sinnamary River.
French Guianas islands are steeped in history and natural beauty. The Iles du Salut, or Salvation Islands, were once home to the infamous French penal colony. The most famous of these is Devils Island, where political prisoners such as Captain Alfred Dreyfus were held. Today, you can explore the islands crumbling prison buildings and enjoy its peaceful, palm fringed beaches. The Ile Royale, another of the Salvation Islands, has well-preserved prison ruins, walking trails, and accommodations for overnight visitors.
While French Guiana is not widely known for seaside resorts, the coastal town of Remire-Montjoly offers serene beaches just outside of Cayenne. The beach at Montjoly is popular for its long stretches of sand and for spotting leatherback sea turtles during nesting season. Saint-Georges-de-lyapock, near the Brazilian border, is a picturesque riverside town that provides a gateway to the Oyapock River and the dense surrounding rainforest. Along the coast, youll find small fishing villages with unspoiled beaches, perfect for quiet relaxation.
French Guiana offers a range of accommodations, from budget guesthouses to charming boutique hotels. In Cayenne, the Hotel des Palmistes, a colonial-era building, offers a cozy stay with views of the main square. For a more luxurious option, the Grand Hotel Montabo, located near Montjoly Beach, provides modern amenities with tropical surroundings. For travelers looking for something unique, Les Iles du Salut offers overnight stays in renovated prison buildings on Ile Royale, giving a rare glimpse into history. In Kourou, there are several guesthouses and lodges catering to those visiting the space center, including the popular Hotel des Roches.
French Guiana offers numerous things to see and do. The Guiana Space Centre in Kourou is one of the regions top attractions, where you can witness rocket launches and tour the space complex. In Cayenne, the botanical gardens provide a tranquil escape, while the Marche de Cayenne is a lively market where you can sample local produce and Creole cuisine. The town of Saint-Laurent-du-Maronis old prison buildings offer a haunting yet fascinating tour of the regions past.
Festivals in French Guiana are vibrant and colorful, celebrating the regions diverse cultural heritage. Carnival, which takes place from January to Ash Wednesday, is the most famous festival, with parades, masked balls, and traditional touloulous costumes. The Hmong New Year, celebrated in the village of Cacao, is another unique festival showcasing the traditions and culture of the Hmong community through food, music, and dance.
French Guianan cuisine is a delightful fusion of Creole, French, and Asian flavors. Popular dishes include bouillon dawara, a traditional stew made with smoked fish, pork, and the awara fruit, often eaten during Easter. Another must-try is the grilled fish, typically served with Creole sauces and cassava. From the local markets, you can sample exotic fruits such as sapodilla and rambutan. The influence of the Hmong community brings in dishes like nems (spring rolls) and pho, offering an unexpected twist on the local food scene.
French Guiana has produced several notable people, including Felix Eboue, the first black colonial governor in the French Empire, and Anne-Marie Javouhey, a 19th-century French nun who played a significant role in the abolitionist movement in the colony. In sports, Florent Malouda, a professional footballer who played for Chelsea and the French national team, hails from French Guiana.
Attractions in French Guiana vary from historical sites to natural wonders. The Devils Island is perhaps the most famous attraction, while the Zoo de Guyane offers an opportunity to see the regions unique wildlife, including jaguars and monkeys. The Camp de la Transportation in Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni gives a somber but important insight into the penal colonys past. For nature lovers, the Kaw Marshes are a protected wetland area where you can take boat tours to spot caimans, birds, and other wildlife.
Music in French Guiana is heavily influenced by Creole rhythms, African beats, and French chanson. Traditional genres such as kasekò and biguine are still popular, especially during Carnival. Modern music in the region often blends Caribbean zouk with elements of French pop, and the region has a growing scene of musicians experimenting with these styles.
Nature sites are abundant in French Guiana, with its vast rainforests offering unparalleled biodiversity. The Tresor Nature Reserve near Kaw is home to rare wildlife and pristine rainforests, making it a prime destination for ecotourism. The Nouragues Nature Reserve is another remarkable spot, offering guided tours deep into the jungle where you can see exotic animals, birds, and flora. For those seeking adventure, the Tumuc-Humac Mountains in the interior offer challenging treks and remote, unspoiled landscapes.
Important places to visit in French Guiana include the Iles du Salut, Kourous Space Centre, and the town of Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni for its historical prison sites. The historic ruins of Fort Ceperou in Cayenne provide excellent views over the city and the ocean beyond. Another highlight is the Jardin Botanique de Cayenne, where you can discover the tropical plant species that thrive in this region.
For those seeking unusual sights, the launch of a rocket from the Guiana Space Centre is a thrilling and unexpected experience. Devils Island, with its dark history, offers a contrast to the typical beach island experience. For something off the beaten track, visit the lesser-known Amerindian villages along the Oyapock River or venture into the dense forests to discover French Guianas incredible wildlife in its natural habitat.